اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی راهبردها و برنامه‌های اشتغال در دو دهه اخیر(با تأکید بر اشتغال جوانان)

نویسندگان
1 گروه جامعه شناسی دانشگاه خوارزمی
2 دانشگاه پیام نور
چکیده
هدف: طراحی و اجرای برنامه‌های اشتغال یکی از مهم‌تریم وظایف دولت‌ در ایران است. سازمان‌های دولتی اقدامات مختلفی برای اشتغال انجام می‌دهند اما آمارها نشان می‌دهد با وجود راهبردها و برنامه‌های متعدد اشتغال‌زایی، وضعیت اشتغال جوانان بهتر نشده و کماکان میزان بیکاری جوانان بالاتر از متوسط جامعه است. هدف این تحقیق اینست که چگونه می‌توان موفقیت یا عدم موفقیت این برنامه‌ها و اقدامات را توضیح داد.

روش پژوهش: در این تحقیق از دو روش تحلیل اسنادی و تحلیل نظری استفاده شده است. در روش اول اسناد برنامه‌ها و سیاست‌های اشتغال در دو دهه اخیر واکاوی و روند تغییرات برنامه‌های حوزه اشتغال تحلیل شده‌اند. روش دوم به تحلیل نظری سیاست‌ها و برنامه‌های اشتغال پرداخته است.

یافته‌ها: اغلب تحقیقات در این زمینه یا با مفهوم رشد اقتصادی و سرمایه‌گذاری، برنامه‌ها و اقدامات اشتغال را تحلیل کرده‌اند به این معنا که تا رشد اقتصادی و سرمایه‌گذاری افزایش نیابد برنامه‌های اشتغال در تحقق اهدافشان با شکست مواجه می‌شوند. یا بر این مدعا بوده‌اند که به روز و جدید نبودن عناوین برنامه‌ها و اقدامات دلیل ناموفق بودنشان است. این تحقیق با تحلیل اسناد اشتغال روند تغییرات در عناوین برنامه‌های اشتغال در دو دهه اخیر را توضیح داده است که نشان می‌دهد اغلب برنامه‌ها و اقدامات اشتغال به روز شده‌‌اند. در ادامه با تحلیل نظری، چارچوبی جامعه‌شناختی برای تحلیل برنامه‌ها و اقدمات اشتغال‌زایی با هدف فهم موفقیت یا عدم موفقیت آنها ارائه کرده است. چارچوبی که بر اساس رویکرد رابطه‌ای بین سه عرصه جامعه مدنی، دولت و بازار ارائه شده است

نتیجه‌گیری: موفقیت یا شکست‌های برنامه‌ها و اقدامات اشتغال را می‌توان در شرایط هم‌افزایی یا عدم هم‌افزایی بین جامعه‌مدنی، دولت و بازار درک کرد. در آرایش مناسب بین جامعه مدنی؛ دولت و بازار است که می‌توان به موفقیت برنامه‌ها اشتغال امید داشت.


کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Sociological analysis of employment strategies and programs in the last two decades (with emphasis on youth employment)

نویسندگان English

abbas zohuri 1
hamzeh nozari 1
karam Habibpour 1
mohammad javad zahedi mazandarani 2
1 Department of Sociology, Kharazmi University
2 Payam Noor University
چکیده English

Objective Designing and implementing employment programs is one of the most important tasks of the government in Iran. Government organizations are taking various measures for employment, but statistics show that despite numerous strategies and programs for job creation, the employment situation of youth has not improved and the youth unemployment rate is still higher than the average for society. This study seeks to investigate and explain the determinants of success or failure in employment programs and measures.

Methods: This study employs two methodological approaches: documentary analysis and theoretical analysis. The former examines employment policies and programs over the past two decades to identify patterns of change, while the latter provides a conceptual assessment of these policies and programs within their broader theoretical frameworks.

Results: Most research in this field, or in the context of economic growth and investment, has analyzed employment programs and measures, meaning that unless economic growth, employment programs will fail to achieve their goals. Or they have claimed that the lack of up-to-date and new titles of programs and actions is the reason for their failure. This study, by analyzing employment documents, has explained the trend of changes in the titles of employment programs, which shows that they have been updated. It then presents a sociological framework for analyzing employment programs and measures with the aim of understanding their success or failure, through theoretical analysis. A framework based on a relational approach between the three spheres of civil society, government, and the market.

Conclusions: The success or failure of employment programs and measures can be understood in terms of synergy or lack of synergy between civil society, government, and the market. It is in the proper arrangement between civil society, the government, and the market that one can hope for the success of employment programs.




کلیدواژه‌ها English

Employment programs
Youth
Appropriate organization Civil society Monitoring
Alimran, R., Alimran, M.S. & Kasmaeipour, V. (2014). Examining the effect of labor productivity on unemployment in Iran. Productivity Management, 8(29), 47–60. (in Persian)
Amiri, M., Yazdani, P., Mirzaei, M. & Khoshbakht, F. (2011). Challenges and strategies for achieving full employment (focus on Tehran province). Tehran: Center for Studies and Urban Planning. (in Persian)
Amini, A. (2015). Analysis of the labor market and employment policies in Iran’s economy (with emphasis on the Fourth Development Plan). Economic Journal, 5(6), 23–40. (in Persian)
Amini Milani, M., Alipour, M.S. & Mahmoudzadeh, A. (2021). Evaluation of employment policies in Iran. Economic Studies and Policies, 8(1), 78–106. (in Persian)
Azizkhani, F. (2024). Pathology of labor market policies and regulations in Iran: Active intervention policies in the labor market. Policy Report, Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. (in Persian)
Block, F. & Evans, P. (2005). The state and the economy. In N. Smelser & R. Swedberg (Eds.), The handbook of economic sociology (pp. 26-48). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Duncan, G. & Serge, P. (2000). Welfare Regimes and the Experience of Unemployment in Europe. In G. Duncan & P. Serge (Eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 380–412.
Evans, P. (1995). Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Evans, P. (1997). The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization. World Politics, 50, 62–87.
Evans, P. (2002). Beyond ‘Institutional Monocropping’: Institutions, Capabilities, and Deliberative Development. Typescript.
Evans, P. & Rauch, J.E. (1999). Bureaucracy and Growth: A Cross-National Analysis of the Effects of "Weberian" State Structures on Economic Growth. American Sociological Review, 64(5), 748–765.
Evans, P. & Rauch, J.E. (2003). Bureaucracy and growth: The effect of ‘Weberian’ state structures on economic growth – a cross-sectional analysis. Translated by Fariba Momeni. Quarterly Journal of Political Economy, 3, 186–217. (in Persian)
Farmer, R. (2012). How the economy works. Translated by Mohammadreza Farhadipour. Tehran: Donya-e-Eqtesad. (in Persian)
Feyzi, Z. (2021). Pathology and effectiveness of employment and entrepreneurship events of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and their redesign. Research Project, Ministry of Sports and Youth. (in Persian)
Granovetter, M. (1974). Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Granovetter, M. (1983). The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited. Sociological Theory, 1, 201–233.
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91, 481–510.
Grint, K. (2003). The Sociology of Work: An Introduction. Translated by Parviz Salehi. Tehran: Maziar. (in Persian)
Harandi, F. & Fallah Mohsankhani, Z. (2007). Youth employment and its challenges. Social Welfare, 6(25), 133–146. (in Persian)
Hazlitt, H. (2012). Economics in One Lesson. Translated by Mohsen Ranjbar & Niloofar Oraei. Tehran: Donya-e-Eqtesad. (in Persian)
Hezarjaribi, J. & Sobhani, B. (2018). Employment policy strategies for youth in Iran. Strategic Studies of Sport and Youth, 17(41). (in Persian)
Jahangard, E. & Daneshmad, A. (2019). Youth economic participation and macroeconomic indicators. Research Project, Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare. (in Persian)
Jessop, B. & Sum, N.L. (2006). Beyond the Regulation Approach: Putting Capitalist Economies in their Place. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare (2021). Performance report of the Sixth Development Plan. (in Persian)
Ministry of Sports and Youth (2018). National reports on the status of youth, Report No. 4: Understanding the youth business environment and developing the youth employment and entrepreneurship plan in the Sixth Development Program period. (in Persian)
Nozari, H. (2021). Sociology and understanding of Iranian society: Perspectives on the relationship between civil society, the state, and the market. Tehran: Morvarid. (in Persian)
Nozari, H. (2022). The role and position of non-governmental and non-market organizations in youth employment. Research Project, ISPA. (in Persian)
Polanyi, K. (2012). The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Translated into Persian by Mohammad Maljoo. Tehran: Pardise Danesh. (in Persian)
Satvati, J. & Gorji Azandariani (2018). An analysis of the position of youth employment rights in the Constitution and upper-level national development documents. Strategic Studies of Sport and Youth, 17(40), 177–198. (in Persian)
Toynbee, P. & Walker, D. (2001). Did Things Get Better? An Audit of Labour's Successes and Failures. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Weber, M. (2005). Economy and Society. Translated by Abbas Manouchehri, Mehrdad Torabi-Nejad & Mostafa Emadzadeh. Tehran: SAMT. (in Persian)
Williams, S., Abbott, B. & Heery, E. (2015). Civil governance in work and employment relations: How civil society organizations contribute to systems of labour governance. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2812-0
Zamanzadeh, H. & Al-Hosseini, S. (2012). Iran’s economy in the bottleneck of development. Tehran: Markaz. (in Persian)
دوره 0، شماره 0
زمستان 1404

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 18 خرداد 1405