اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

عوامل مؤثر بر تحولات دارایی‌های معیشتی در روستاهای گردشگرپذیر (مطالعه موردی شهرستان رودسر)

نویسندگان
1 دفتر برنامه‌ریزی و بودجه، وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع‌دستی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
هدف: هدف از انجام این پژوهش شناسایی عوامل و مؤلفه‌های اثرگذار بر تحولات دارایی‌های معیشتی در روستاهای گردشگرپذیر بوده که به واسطه توسعه گردشگری تحت تأثیر قرار می‌گیرند که شدت و روند این تغییرات و همچنین دامنه اثرگذاری بر ساکنان به مؤلفه‌هایی زیادی بستگی دارد که گردشگری در بستر آن شکل گرفته است. آنچه که در این مقوله مهم بوده، توجه به اصل پایداری و بهبود زندگی تمامی ساکنانی است که از رشد گردشگری متأثر می‌شوند.

روش پژوهش: این پژوهش در روستاهای گردشگرپذیر شهرستان رودسر در شرق استان گیلان انجام شده است. این پژوهش از نوع پژوهش‌های کمی/کیفی و مبتنی بر روش قیاس اقترانی است. روش جمع‌آوری داده‌ها با بررسی متون و اسناد علمی، پیمایش میدانی و مصاحبه با خبره محلی، کارشناسان و متخصصان صورت گرفته و تحلیل آنها با استفاده از مدل Q است. در انتخاب نمونه‌ها از روش گلوله برفی استفاده شد.

یافته‌ها: بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش عوامل مؤثر بر تحولات دارایی‌های معیشتی به ترتیب اهمیت و بیشترین امتیاز شامل: تعاملات سازنده میان دست‌اندرکاران کلیدی توسعه گردشگری، مزیت رقابتی گردشگری، نقش‌آفرینی حمایتی دولت، فرهنگ محوری و توسعه زنجیره تأمین و ارزش گردشگری و آخرین مورد، مجاورت فضایی و وجود ظرفیت‌های طبیعی بوم‌شناختی بوده است.

نتیجه‌گیری: مؤلفه‌های مرتبط با بخش گردشگری که سبب تحولات دارایی‌های معیشتی می‌گردد در دو گروه عوامل درونی و بیرونی قابل دسته‌بندی هستند که شکل و کارکرد روستا را دچار دگرگونی کرده و هر چقدر این مؤلفه‌ها سبب توسعه خدمات عمومی و شکل‌گیری بیشتر فعالیت‌های گردشگری پایدار گردد، به سوی تأثیرات مثبت گردشگری سوق پیدا می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Determinants of Livelihood Asset Transformations in Tourism-Oriented Villages (Case Study: Rudsar County)

نویسندگان English

Abootaleb Ghasemi Vasmejani 1
Hasan Afrakhte 2
Farhad Azizpour 2
1 Office of Planning and Budget, Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism, and Handicrafts, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Objective: This study aims to identify the factors and components influencing the transformation of livelihood assets in tourism-oriented villages, which are shaped and altered through tourism development. The intensity, trajectory, and scope of such changes -and their effects on rural residents- depend heavily on the specific socio-economic and ecological contexts in which tourism evolves. The central concern in this process is the principle of sustainability and the improvement of the quality of life for all residents affected by tourism growth.

Methods: The research was conducted in tourism-oriented villages of Rudsar County, located in eastern Gilan Province. Employing a mixed-methods design with a deductive-inductive comparative approach, data collection included literature review, field surveys, and semi-structured interviews with local experts, officials, and practitioners. The data were analyzed using the Q methodology. Snowball sampling was employed to select participants.

Results: The results indicate that the most influential factors driving transformations in livelihood assets, ranked by significance, include: constructive interactions among key stakeholders in tourism development; tourism’s competitive advantages; government support and facilitation; cultural orientation and the development of tourism value chains; and, finally, spatial proximity and the availability of ecological–natural capacities.

Conclusions: Tourism-related drivers of livelihood asset transformation can be categorized into internal and external factors, both of which reshape the form and function of rural settlements. The more these factors contribute to enhancing public services and fostering sustainable tourism activities, the more likely they are to generate positive impacts on rural livelihoods.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Livelihood Transformation
Rural Assets
Rural Change
Tourism-oriented Villages
Rudsar County
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Mirdamadi, S. M. & Borzoyi, H. (2013). The role of tourism in improving economic situation of villages in Talesh township (case study: Shirabad village). Extension research and agricultural education, 23(3)7-17. [in Persian]
Su, M. M., Wall, G., Wang, Y., & Jin, M. (2019). Livelihood sustainability in a rural tourism destination-Hetu Town, Anhui Province, China. Tourism Management, 71, 272-281.
Nyaupane, G. P., & Poudel, S. (2011). Linkages among biodiversity, livelihood, and tourism. Annals of tourism research, 38(4), 1344-1366. [DOI:10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.006]
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Provotorina, V., Kazmina, L., Petrenko, A., & Ekinil, G. (2020). Organization and functioning of accommodation facilities as a component of rural tourism infrastructure in the Rostov Region. In E3S Web of conferences (Vol. 175, p. 10002). EDP Sciences.
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Sati, V. P., & Vangchhia, L. (2017). Food security status in rural areas of Mizoram, Northeast India. Journal of Mountain Science, 14(4), 795-805. [DOI:10.1007/s11629-016-4092-2]
WTTC, 2020, TRAVEL & TOURISM GLOBAL ECONOMIC IMPACT & TRENDS 2020.
Shen, F., Hughey, K. F., & Simmons, D. G. (2008). Connecting the sustainable livelihoods approach and tourism: A review of the literature. Journal of hospitality and tourism management, 15(1), 19-31.
Wu, T. C. (2018). Agriculture tourism and the transformation of rural countryside. Tourism Geographies, 20(2), 354-357. doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2018.1434819
Su, M. M., Wall, G., Wang, Y., & Jin, M. (2019). Livelihood sustainability in a rural tourism destination-Hetu Town, Anhui Province, China. Tourism Management, 71, 272-281.
Tavallaei, S. Riyahi,V. Afrakhte, H. & Shabani, A. (2013). Review of Capabilities and Solutions on Rural Tourism Development in District of Kahak in Qom Province, Journal of Human Geography Research, 6(23), 99-114. [in Persian]
UNWTO, 2019, International Tourism Highlights.
Walelign, S. Z., Pouliot, M., Larsen, H. O., & Smith-Hall, C. (2015). A novel approach to dynamic livelihood clustering: Empirical evidence from Nepal (No. 2015/09). IFRO Working Paper.
Wang, J., Huang, X., Gong, Z., & Cao, K. (2020). Dynamic assessment of tourism carrying capacity and its impacts on tourism economic growth in urban tourism destinations in China. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 15, 100383. [DOI:10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100383]
WTTC, 2020, TRAVEL & TOURISM GLOBAL ECONOMIC IMPACT & TRENDS 2020.
Wu, T. C. (2018). Agriculture tourism and the transformation of rural countryside. Tourism Geographies, 20(2), 354-357. doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2018.1434819

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 18 خرداد 1405