اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

عوامل خرد شدن زمین‌های کشاورزی در روستاها با نگاهی به مبانی فقهی و قانونی ارث (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان ساوجبلاغ)

نویسندگان
1 گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
هدف: امروزه آنچه که در مورد فعالیت‌های کشاورزی به ویژه در کشورمان بسیار نگران‌کننده است، روند رو به رشد خردشدن زمین‌های کشاورزی است. این موضوع به طور جدی می‌تواند تمام سیاست‌های کشاورزی و در نهایت مشکل تولید در این بخش که امروزه موضوع مورد بحث در کشورمان بوده را تحت‌تأثیر قرار دهد. این پدیده از زمان اجرای برنامه اصلاحات ارضی و با پدیده ارث در سال‌های اخیر تشدید شده که با وجود پژوهش‌های اندک، تحقیق پیش‌رو سعی در شناخت جامع و یکپارچه‌ از چنین پدیده‌ای در مناطق روستایی مورد مطالعه در شهرستان ساوجلاغ داشت.

روش پژوهش: : این پژوهش کاربردی و از نظر نحوه گرد‌آوری داده‌ها، از نوع ترکیبی و بنیان تحقیق نیز از نظر فلسفی با توجه به آمیخته بودن روش آن، مبتنی بر رویکرد پرآگماتیسم قرار داشت. داده‌ها از طریق مطالعه منابع کتابخانه‌ای- اسنادی و میدانی که شامل 7 مصاحبه در گروه‌های 3-5 نفره و 16 مصاحبه انفرادی بود، جمع‌آوری شد. مبنای اصلی در ارائه یافته‌ها نیز متکی بر نظریه داده بنیاد یا نظریه زمینه‌ای پس از کدگزاری یافته‌های مصاحبه‌ها در مکس‌کیودا بود. 14 نقطه‌روستایی نیز براساس پیشنهاد خبرگان و با توجه به معیارهای: تعداد بهره‌برداران کشاورزی، سطح زیرکشت محصولات کشاورزی و میزان تولید انتخاب شد.

یافته‌ها: مطابق با قرآن کریم، خداوند، زمین را نه به عنوان یک مال و ثروت برای شخصی؛ بلکه آن را به عنوان یک وسیله‌ برای کار و معیشت انسان می‌داند. در قوانین فقهی و حقوقی کشورمان نیز مدیریت و مالکیت زمین‌ها متعلق به حکومت اسلامی قرار دارد. در کنار این مباحث، اما قانون ارث و برنامه اصلاحات ارضی از عوامل شناخته شده در موضوع خرد شدن زمین‌های کشاورزی هستند. در این بخش، عوامل و شرایط در مناطق روستایی کشورمان موجب تشدید این پدیده گردیده است. مطابق با یافته‌های این بخش تغییرات اقلیمی و هزینه‌های تولید محصولات کشاورزی به عنوان شرایط علی در رخداد پدیده؛ تغییر الگو و سبک ‌زندگی اجتماعی، رشدجمعیت در مناطق روستایی، گسترش حاشیه‌نشینی و شهرنشینی، امکانات و خدمات محدود در مناطق روستایی و ضعف بنیه مالی کشاورزان به عنوان شرایط مداخله‌گر؛ عوامل محیطی و اکولوژیکی و مورفولوژی و ساخت زمین‌های کشاورزی نیز به عنوان شرایط زمینه‌ای و قوانین و مقررات حقوقی، عملکرد و تخصص مدیران محلی، مدیریت یکپارچه و هماهنگ مدیران و همچنین سطح آگاهی و شناخت کشاورزان به عنوان راهبردها، همچنین بهره‌وری و سودآوری فعالیت‌های کشاورزی و رشد بالای قیمت زمین به عنوان پیامدها و نتایج موضوع شناسایی گردید.

نتیجه‌گیری: برای جلوگیری از تشدید خردشدن زمین‌های کشاورزی به نظر می‌رسد، تشکیل و مشارکت کارشناسان و متخصصان جهت ایجاد تغییرات اساسی در قوانین و ضوابط تقسیم اراضی کشاورزی و رفع عوامل رخداد آن مهم است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Factors Contributing to the Fragmentation of Agricultural Lands in Rural Areas with Reference to Jurisprudential and Legal Foundations of Inheritance (Case Study: Savojbolagh County)

نویسندگان English

Seied Mohammad Hossein Musavipur 1
Vahid Riahi 2
Saeid Nasire Zare 2
1 Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Objective: One of the major concerns surrounding agricultural activity in Iran today is the accelerating fragmentation of agricultural lands. This phenomenon poses a serious threat to the implementation of national agricultural policies and has the potential to exacerbate existing production challenges in the sector. The issue, which began with the implementation of land reform programs and has intensified in recent years due to inheritance practices, has received limited academic attention. The present study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon in the rural areas of Savojbolagh County by examining both its legal and religious foundations.

Methods: This applied research adopts a mixed-methods approach and is philosophically grounded in pragmatism due to its methodological integration. Data collection combined documentary and field research, including seven focus group interviews (3–5 participants each) and sixteen individual interviews. The findings were analyzed using grounded theory methodology, following coding in MAXQDA software. Fourteen rural settlements were selected based on expert recommendations and criteria such as the number of agricultural stakeholders, cultivated land area, and agricultural output.

Results: According to the Holy Qur’an, land is not considered a private asset or form of wealth but rather a means for livelihood and labor. Similarly, Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian legal codes affirm that the ultimate management and ownership of land rest with the Islamic government. Nonetheless, inheritance laws and historical land reform programs have been major drivers of land fragmentation. In the rural regions studied, several local conditions have contributed to the intensification of this trend. The causal conditions include climate change and rising agricultural production costs. Intervening factors include shifts in social lifestyle, rural population growth, urbanization and informal settlement expansion, limited rural services and infrastructure, and the weak financial capacity of farmers. Contextual conditions comprise environmental and ecological features as well as the morphology and structure of agricultural land. Strategic factors include legal frameworks, the expertise and performance of local managers, the level of managerial coordination, and farmers’ awareness and knowledge. Consequences identified include agricultural productivity and profitability challenges, as well as soaring land prices.

Conclusions: To curb the ongoing fragmentation of agricultural lands, it is essential to involve experts and specialists in a coordinated effort to reform current inheritance laws and land division regulations, while also addressing the root causes that perpetuate this phenomenon.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Inheritance
Rural Economy
Religious Teachings
Fragmentation of Agricultural Lands Rural Areas
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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 18 خرداد 1405