اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

تعیین‌ کننده‌ های قصد رفتاری گندم ‌کاران آبی نسبت به کشت محصولات کم ‌آب‌ دوست

نویسندگان
مژگان احمدی چگنی 1
مهدی رحیمیان 1
رضوان قنبری موحد 1
سعید غلامرضایی 1
هما مولوی 2
1 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌ آباد، ایران
2 گروه مهندسی مکانیک، هوافضا و عمران، زیرساخت و مقاومت، دانشگاه منچستر، انگلستان
10.61882/serd.14.52.7
چکیده
هدف: تغییر نوع کشت محصولات آب ‏بر به محصولات با نیاز آبی کم‏تر، سازکاری موثر در سازگاری با کم ‏آبی و خشکسالی، بدون رهاکردن فعالیت‏ های کشاورزی و تداوم آن به‏ شمار می ‏آید. اجرای سازکار تغییر کشت، علاوه بر اجرای اقدامات فنّی، حمایتی و قانونی، مستلزم ‏کاربست اقدامات روان‏شناختی از طریق مطالعه رفتارها و قصد رفتاری کشاورزان در زمینه‏ تغییر نوع کشت است. این پژوهش قصد دارد تا با استفاده از تئوری توسعه یافتۀ‏ رفتار برنامه ‏ریزی شده به واکاوی قصد رفتاری کشاورزان گندم‌کار آبی نسبت به کشت محصولات کم‏ آب ‏دوست بپردازد.

روش پژوهش: جامعه آماری 711 نفر از کشاورزان گندم‏کار آبی در شهرستان کوهدشت در استان لرستان بود. حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان، 250 نفر تعیین و نمونه‏ ها، با ترکیبی از دو روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‏ ای با انتساب متناسب و در دسترس، انتخاب شدند. داده‏ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه‏ محقق‏ ساخت گردآوری شدند. روایی پرسشنامه به روش اعتبار محتوایی و پس از اعمال نظر اساتید دانشگاه و کارشناسان بخش امور آب جهاد کشاورزی اصلاح و تأیید شد. پایایی از طریق محاسبه آلفای کرونباخ برای تمامی سازه‏ های مختلف پرسشنامه (0/78 تا 0/93) مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. داده‌ها با استفاده از دو نرم ‏افزار SPSS22 و SmartPLS4 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.

یافته‌ها: یافته‏ ها نشان داد که تمامی فرضیه‌های تحقیق، بجز دو فرضیه‏ تأثیر هنجارهای توصیفی و درک از خطر بر قصد رفتاری، تأیید شدند. براساس نتایج، متغیرهای تئوری توسعه یافته‏ رفتار برنامه ‏ریزی شده قادرند که 44/8 درصد از واریانس قصد رفتاری کشاورزان را تبیین کنند.

نتیجه‌گیری: ایجاد مزارع نمایشی محصولات کم ‏آب‏ دوست مانند زعفران و گیاهان دارویی متناسب با اقلیم منطقه با استفاده از توان کشاورزان پیشرو، استفاده از پتانسیل رسانه‏ های عمومی، شبکه ‏های اجتماعی و فضای مجازی، حمایت‏ کامل از کشت محصولات آب‏ دوست شامل تأمین نهاده‏ ها، ماشین ‏آلات، آموزش و مشاوره در هر سه مرحله کاشت، داشت و برداشت، تهیه کلیپ‏ های آموزشی و کتابچه‏ های معرفی محصولات کم‏ آب‏ دوست از پیشنهادهای این تحقیق در جهت کشت محصولات کم ‏آب ‏دوست‏ توسط کشاورزان است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تغییر نوع کشت
خشکسالی
کم‌ آبی
کوهدشت
مدیریت پایدار منابع آب

عنوان مقاله English

Determinants of the Behavioral Intention of Irrigated Wheat Farmers Toward Cultivating Low-Water-Demand Crops

نویسندگان English

Mojgan Ahmadi Chegeni 1
Mehdi Rahimian 1
Rezvan Ghanbari Movahhed 1
Saeed Gholamrezaei 1
Homa Molavi 2
1 Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering, Infrastructure and Resilience, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
چکیده English

Objective: Shifting cultivation from high-water-demand crops to those requiring less water is considered an effective adaptation strategy to water scarcity and drought, enabling the continuation of agricultural activities without abandonment. Implementing such a cropping change mechanism requires not only technical, supportive, and legal measures but also psychological interventions through the study of farmers’ behaviors and behavioral intentions regarding crop pattern change. This study aims to examine the behavioral intentions of irrigated wheat farmers toward cultivating low-water-demand crops using the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB).

Methods: The statistical population comprised 711 irrigated wheat farmers in Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s table, a sample size of 250 farmers was determined. Participants were selected through a combination of stratified proportional allocation and convenience sampling. Data were collected via a researcher-designed questionnaire. Content validity was established through expert review by university professors and specialists from the Agricultural Jihad Water Affairs Department, with subsequent revisions implemented. Reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for all constructs, ranging from 0.78 to 0.93. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 22 and SmartPLS 4.

Results: Results indicated that all hypotheses were supported except for the effects of descriptive norms and risk perception on behavioral intention. The ETPB variables explained 44.8% of the variance in farmers’ behavioral intention. Farmers with higher incomes and larger landholdings showed greater willingness to shift from traditional crops to low-water-demand crops. No significant relationship was found between education level and willingness to change cropping patterns. A significant negative relationship between willingness to change and both age and farming experience suggests that older farmers are generally more risk-averse and less receptive to change compared to younger farmers.

Conclusions: Recommended strategies include establishing demonstration farms for low-water-demand crops such as saffron and medicinal plants suitable for local climatic conditions with the participation of progressive farmers; leveraging public media, social networks, and digital platforms; providing comprehensive support for low-water-demand cultivation through input supply, machinery, training, and advisory services during planting, growing, and harvesting; and preparing educational videos and booklets introducing such crops. These measures aim to encourage adoption among farmers.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Cropping Pattern Change
drought
Water Scarcity
Kuhdasht
Sustainable Water Resources Management
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Rahimian, M. (2017). Factors affecting water resources sustainable management among irrigated wheat growers in Kouhdasht county, Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 12(2), 233-247. (In Persian) [DOI:20.1001.1.20081758.1395.12.2.15.8]
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Rezaei, R., Seidi, M., & Karbasioun, M. (2019). Pesticide exposure reduction: Extending the theory of planned behavior to understand Iranian farmers’ intention to apply personal protective equipment. Safety Science, 120, 527-537.
Rhodes, R. E., Macdonald, H. M., & McKay, H. A. (2006). Predicting physical activity intention and behaviour among children in a longitudinal sample. Social science & medicine, 62(12), 3146-3156.
Saadi, H. & Avatefi Akmal, F. (2018). Factors affecting the change of agricultural land use in villages of Hamadan County. Journal Space Economy & Rural Development, 7(2), 211-226. (In Persian) http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-۱-۳۱۰۲-fa.html
Salehi, L., Zarifian, Sh. & Rezvanfar, A. (2009). Analysis of kiwifruit farmers' views in western Mazandaran province regarding factors affecting the change in cultivation pattern from rice and citrus to kiwifruit. Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 16(1), 34-43. (In Persian) [DOI:1022067/jgrd.2021.46256.0]
Savari, M. (2022). Theory of Planning Behavior Application in Explaining Agricultural Water Conservation Behavior among Farmers in Bavi County, Khuzestan Province. Environment and Water Engineering, 8(4), 969-982. (In Persian) [DOI:10.22034/jewe.2021.309740.1641]
Savari, M., & Gharechaee, H. (2020). Utilizing the theory of planned behavior to predict Iranian farmers’ intention for safe use of chemical fertilizers. Journal of cleaner production, 263, 121512.
Savari, M., & Shokati Amghani, M. (2023). Effects of small-scale farmers' adaptation behaviors in drought conditions on household food security level in West Azerbaijan province. Journal of Geography and Planning, 27(86), 71-92. (In Persian) [DOI:10.22034/gp.2023.14973]
Savari, M., Damaneh, H. E., & Damaneh, H. E. (2024). Conservation behaviors of local communities towards mangrove forests in Iran. Global Ecology and Conservation, 56, e03311.
Statistical Center of Iran. (2024). General Agricultural Census. Statistical Center of Iran. (In Persian) Available at: https://amar.org.ir/
Syed, A., Raza, T., Bhatti, T. T., & Eash, N. S. (2022). Climate impacts on the agricultural sector of Pakistan: Risks and solutions. Environmental Challenges, 6, 100433. [DOI:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100433]

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 18 خرداد 1405