اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

فراتحلیل نقش کسب‌وکارهای خرد در توانمندسازی زنان روستایی

نویسندگان
گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
چکیده
هدف: طی دهه‌های اخیر موضوع توانمندسازی زنان روستایی مورد توجه بسیاری از برنامه‌ریزان روستایی قرارگرفته است. یکی از عواملی که بر توانمندسازی زنان روستایی مؤثر هست ایجاد و توسعه کسب‌وکارهای خرد است. پژوهش حاضر، با هدف بررسی تأثیر ایجاد و توسعه کسب‌وکارهای خرد بر توانمندسازی زنان روستایی انجام شد.

روش پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر از روش فراتحلیل بعنوان یک روش آماری و نظام‌مند برای ترکیب یافته‌های پژوهش‌های دیگر در زمینه مورد مطالعه بهره برده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، پژوهش‌های در دسترس مرتبط با رابطه کسب‌وکار با توانمندسازی زنان روستایی منتشر شده در پایگاههای علمی (Sid، Ensani، Noormags، Magiran، Scienc direct، Google Scholar، Scopus) طی سال‌های 2000 تا 2024 بود. در مجموع، 720 مطالعه در این موضوع به‌دست‌آمد که 30 مورد از آن‌ها بر اساس معیارهای ورود و خروج، شرایط ورود به فرا تحلیل را داشتند و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار CMA2 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. در این پژوهش با توجه به نتایج بررسی ناهمگنی از طریق شاخص Q و مجذور I مدل اثرات تصادفی انتخاب گردید. همچنین، برای ترسیم شبکه موضوع پژوهش و دستیابی به واژگان پرتکرار در این حوزه، از نرم‌افزار VOSviewer استفاده شد. بنابراین، کلیدواژه‌های تحقیق در پایگاه‌های خارجی جستجو و داده‌های مقالات انتخابی در فایل CSV ذخیره و به VOSviewer وارد شدند. برای منابع داخلی نیز، جستجو به‌طور جداگانه انجام و مقالات واجد شرایط انتخاب و اطلاعات آنها به‌صورت دستی وارد نرم‌افزار گردید. سپس شاخص‌های علم‌سنجی با این نرم‌افزار تحلیل شدند.

یافته‌ها: نتایج ترسیم شبکه موضوعی پژوهش به‌وسیله نرم‌افزار VOSviewer بیانگر وجود هم رویدادی بین توانمندسازی زنان روستایی با موضوعاتی مانند کارآفرینی، اعتبارات خرد و درآمد بود. بر اساس نتایج آزمون همبستگی بگ و مزدار، مطالعات واردشده از تقارن نسبی برخوردار بودند و عدم سوگیری پژوهش حاضر مورد تائید قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج، میزان اندازه اثر ترکیبی 0/453 به دست آمد که این اندازه اثر بر اساس معیار کوهن، بیانگر میزان متوسط تأثیرگذاری ایجاد کسب‌و‌کارهای خرد بر توانمندسازی زنان روستایی است.

نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این مطالعه بیانگر تأثیر معنی‌دار ایجاد و توسعه کسب‌و‌کارهای خرد بر توانمندسازی زنان روستایی است. بنابراین توجه به کسب‌وکار زنان روستایی یکی از عوامل موثر بر تقویت توانمندی آنان است که مستلزم سیستم‌های حمایتی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Meta-Analysis of the Role of Microenterprises in Empowering Rural Women

نویسندگان English

Yaser Mohammadi
Freshteh avatefi Akmal
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده English

Objective: In recent decades, the issue of empowering rural women has attracted significant attention from rural development planners. One of the factors that plays a crucial role in this process is the establishment and expansion of microenterprises. The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the impact of creating and developing microenterprises on the empowerment of rural women.

Methods: This study employed meta-analysis as a statistical and systematic method for synthesizing the findings of previous research in the field under investigation. The statistical population consisted of accessible studies addressing the relationship between microenterprises and rural women’s empowerment, published in scientific databases (Sid, Ensani, Noormags, Magiran, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus) during the years 2000–2024. In total, 720 studies were identified, of which 30 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were analyzed using CMA2 software. Based on the results of heterogeneity tests (Q index and I² statistic), a random-effects model was selected. Furthermore, to map the research network and identify frequently occurring concepts in this domain, VOSviewer software was used. For this purpose, research keywords were searched in international databases, and the extracted data from selected articles were stored in CSV format and imported into VOSviewer. Domestic sources were searched separately, and the relevant articles were manually entered into the software. Subsequently, scientometric indicators were analyzed using this tool.

Results: The results of the thematic network analysis using VOSviewer revealed co-occurrence between rural women’s empowerment and topics such as entrepreneurship, microcredit, and income. According to Begg and Mazumdar’s correlation test, the included studies demonstrated relative symmetry, confirming the absence of publication bias in the present research. The combined effect size was calculated at 0.453, which, based on Cohen’s criteria, indicates a moderate impact of microenterprise development on the empowerment of rural women.

Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that the establishment and expansion of microenterprises have a significant and positive effect on the empowerment of rural women. Therefore, strengthening rural women’s businesses can serve as a key driver of empowerment, a process that requires supportive systems and institutional backing.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Employment
Microcredit
Rural Women’s Empowerment
Meta-analysis
Entrepreneurship
Microenterprise
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Naseri, S. Amin, H. C. Arayesh, M. B. & Poursaeed, A. (2020). Designing Employment-centered Empowerment Model for Rural Women Head of Households in Ilam Province with an Emphasis on their Professional Competencies. Revista Tempos E Espaços Em Educação, 13(32), 1-18.
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Paul, I. Mandal, L. & Datta, S. (2018). Feasibility Study of the Small-Scale Poultry-Cum-Fish Farming in Homestead Ponds for Empowerment of Rural Women: A Case Study in the New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 6(3), 118-122.
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Kanyagui, M. K. Sajithkumar, K. J. Velankar, Y. Mohan, R. Viswanathan, P. K. & Magnani, N. (2024). Livelihood Challenges Faced by Women in Rural India: Exploration of Solutions Using Participatory Action Research. Development in Practice, 34(4), 512-526.
Preeti, Sh. & Shashi, K.V. (2008). Women Empowerment through Entrepreneurial Activities of Self-Help Groups. Indian Res. J. Ext. Edu. 8 (1).
Karlekar, Malavika. (2004). A Note on the Empowerment of Women. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 11(2), 145-155
SAADI, H. Jalilian, S. & YAGHOUBI, F. A. (2014). The Influence of Home-based Businesses on Rural Women's Social Empowerment.
Kasoga, P. S. (2020). Microfinance Institutions and Women's Empowerment: Empirical Evidence in Tanzania. International Journal of Financial Services Management, 10(3), 190-216.
Saadi, H. Shaban, A.F. Latifi, H. Assessing the Economic and Social Empowerment of Rural Women Carpet Weavers and the Factors Affecting it (Case Study of Hamadan Province). Women in Development and Politics (Women's Research) 10 (2) 126-107. (In Persian)
Kaur, M. Mishra, B. Singh, P. Singh, A. & Rathore, S. (2007). Empowerment of Rural Women: An Analysis of Constraints. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 7(2&3), 90-93.
Sabir, R. I. & Majid, M. B. (2023). Factors Affecting Women Empowerment: A Micro Financing Perspective. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Venturing, 3(1). (In Persian)
Kermani, M. NoghaniDokhtBahmani, M. & Baradarankashani, Z. (2018). A Qualitative Meta-Analysis of Two Decades of Research on the Empowerment of Rural and Urban Women in Iran. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 16(2), 33-54. (In Persian)
Saeidi, M. Chaharsoughi Amin, H. Moumenihelali, H. Norouzi, A. & Vahedi, M. (2018). Investigating the Role of Micro-Credit Fund on the Economic Empowerment of Rural Women (A Case Study: Chardavol Township, Ilam Province). Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 15(4), 149-175. (In Persian)
Khademi, A. & Sadeghie Fasai, S. (2016). Meta-Analysis of Four Decades of Research in the Field of Women's Participation. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 14(2), 34-70. (In Persian)
Sathiabama, K. (2010). Rural Women Empowerment and Entrepreneurship Development (No. id: 2475).
Khan, A. Vashistha, N. & Siddique, R. A. (2017). Women Empowerment through Entrepreneurship for Their Holistic Development. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 7(2), 1-17.
Sayydeh, T. Eshraghi Samani, R. & Poursaeed, A. (2017). The Role of Occupational Capability in the Self-reliance of Rural Women in Ilam County. Journal of Rural Research, 8(3), 554-571. (In Persian)
Khosravi Pour, B. and Savari Membni, A. (2019). Empowerment and Employment of Rural Women in the Agricultural Sector and Its Impact on Food Security, Conference on National Production and Sustainable Employment, Challenges and Strategies, Boroujerd. (In Persian)
Sharma S, Gupta A (2017), The Everyday Lives and Coping Strategies of Women in Delhi; Discerning Roots of Psychological Empowerment-An Ethnographic Study, International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(2), 12-19.
Kiani, S. S. & Abbasian, S. (2020). The Consequences of Tourism Development on Empowerment of Communities in Rural Areas (Case study: villages of central district of Natanz). Rural Research. 24(71). 339-367. (In Persian)
Sharma, P. & Varma, S. K. (2008). Women Empowerment Through Entrepreneurial Activities of Self-Help Groups. Indian Research Journal of extension education, 8(1), 46-51.
Kord, B. & Abtin, A. (2013). Review the Factors Affecting on Development of Rural Entrepreneurship in Sistan and Baluchestan Province (With Focus on Developing Rural Growth Centers, Developing in Formation and Communication Technologies and Empowerment of Rural Women). Geography and Development. 11(32). 1-14. (In Persian)
Sultana, A. M. (2011). Factors Effect on Women Autonomy and Decision-Making Power Wwithin the Household in Rural Communities. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7(1), 18-22.
Kumari, A. & Shankar, D. A. U. (2020). Rural Women Entrepreneurship in Tourism Sector: Findings from Case Studies. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(4), 835-843.
Suminah, S. & Anantanyu, S. (2020). Empowering Poor-Households Women on Productive Economy Bbusinesses in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 7(9), 769-779.
Kusugal, P. S. (2020). Women Empowerment through Self-Help Groups: An Empirical Study in Haveri District of Karnataka. Women Empowerment,
Tarasi, Z., Karimzade, H. & Aghayari, H. M. (2019). Investigating Factors and Stimuli Affecting the Empowerment of Rural Women (Case Study: Zanjan County). Researches in Geographical Sciences. 19 (54), 237-257. (In Persian)
Kuumuori Ganle, J. Afriyie, K. and Yao Segbefia, A. (2015), Microcredit: Empowerment and Disempowerment of Rural Women in Ghana, World Development, 66, 335-34
Terry, G. (2009). No Climate Justice Without Gender Justice: An Overview of the Issues. Gender and Development, 17 (1), 5- 18.
Longwe Sara H. (1991). Gender Awareness: the Missing Element in the Third World Development Project, a Chapter of “Changing Perceptions: Writing on Gender and Development”, by Wallace T. & March C.: OXFAM.
Uduji, J. I. Okolo Obasi, E. N. & Asongu, S. A. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Role of Rural Women in Sustainable Agricultural Development in Sub–Saharan Africa: Evidence from the Niger Delta in Nigeria. Sustainable Development, 27(4), 692-703.
Malhotra, A. Schuler, S.R. & Boender, C. (2002). Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development. Background Paper Prepared for the World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender. Washington, D.C.: International Center for Research on Women
Ugbomeh, G. (2001). Empowering Women in Agricultural Education-for Sustainable Rural.
Maru, L. & Chemjor, R. (2013). Microfinance Interventions and Empowerment of Women Entrepreneurs’ Rural Constituencies in Kenya. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(9), 84-95.
Unanam, H. R. (2020). Impact of Women’s Economic Empowerment in Development: An Evaluation of Development Exchange Centre in Plateau State. International Journal of Gender and Women‟ s Studies, 8(1), 1-16
Mirzakhani, K. (2020). Sociological Study of Empowerment Strategies for Rural and Nomadic Women. Journal of New Research Approaches in Management and Accounting, 4 (45), 1-15. (In Persian)
Vukovic, D. B. Petrovic, M. Maiti, M. & Vujko, A. (2023). Tourism Development, Entrepreneurship and Women's Empowerment–Focus on Serbian Countryside. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(3), 417-437.
Mohammadi Yeganeh, B. Cheraghi, M. Ahmadi, K. (2014). Investigating the Effects of Microcredit on Economic Empowerment of Rural Poor, Case study: Ghani Biglou Rural District, Zanjan County. Journal of Geography and Development, 12 (35), 233-247. (In Persian)
World Bank. (2012). World Development Report: Gender Equality and Development.
Mohammadi, Y. Avatefi Akmal, F. & Zamiri Arasteh, M. (2020). The Rural Women Quality of Life; A function of Microfinance Quality and Individual Quality (Case studies of Kermanshah & Hamedan Counties). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 51(3), 587-602. (In Persian)
Yaghoubi Farani A. Jalilian, S. (2015). Economic and Social Effects of Rural Women's Home Jobs in Islamabad-e-Gharb. Space Economics and Rural Development. 4 (12), 93-113. (In Persian)
Moher D, Soeken K, Sampson M, Ben-Porat L, Berman B. (2002). Assessing the Quality of Reports of Systematic Reviews in Pediatric Complementary and Alternative Medicine. BMC Pediatr.
Mousavi, M. & Ravankhah, F. (2016). Investigating the Relationship Between Various Welfare Systems and Women's Economic Empowerment. Social Psychological Studies of Women, 14 (1), 73-101. (In Persian)
Murthi, K. & Hammell, K. W. (2020). Choice’in Occupational Therapy Theory: A Critique from the Situation of Patriarchy in India. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1-12.
Naderi Mehdi, K. & Vahdat Modab, H. (2014). Empowerment of Rural Women for Domestic Jobs, Third National Conference on Sustainable Rural Development, Hamedan. (In Persian)
Najafi Kani, A.A. Vesal, Z. (2015). The Role of Local Management in Empowering Rural Women (Case Study: South Astarabad Rural District of Gorgan). Human Settlement Planning Studies, 10 (30), 47-56. (In Persian)
Naseri, S. Amin, H. C. Arayesh, M. B. & Poursaeed, A. (2020). Designing Employment-centered Empowerment Model for Rural Women Head of Households in Ilam Province with an Emphasis on their Professional Competencies. Revista Tempos E Espaços Em Educação, 13(32), 1-18.
Niknami, M. Bandrez, Z. & Samari, D. (2012). Economic Factors Affecting on Empowerment of memxers of Women Rural Cooperatives in Ilam province. Co-Operation and Agriculture, 23(11), 41-59. (In Persian)
Paul, I. Mandal, L. & Datta, S. (2018). Feasibility Study of the Small-Scale Poultry-Cum-Fish Farming in Homestead Ponds for Empowerment of Rural Women: A Case Study in the New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 6(3), 118-122.
Pines, A.M. and Schwartz, D (2010). Now You See Them, Now You Don’t Gender Differences in Entrepreneurship, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23, 811-32.
Preeti, Sh. & Shashi, K.V. (2008). Women Empowerment through Entrepreneurial Activities of Self-Help Groups. Indian Res. J. Ext. Edu. 8 (1).
SAADI, H. Jalilian, S. & YAGHOUBI, F. A. (2014). The Influence of Home-based Businesses on Rural Women's Social Empowerment.
Saadi, H. Shaban, A.F. Latifi, H. Assessing the Economic and Social Empowerment of Rural Women Carpet Weavers and the Factors Affecting it (Case Study of Hamadan Province). Women in Development and Politics (Women's Research) 10 (2) 126-107. (In Persian)
Sabir, R. I. & Majid, M. B. (2023). Factors Affecting Women Empowerment: A Micro Financing Perspective. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Venturing, 3(1). (In Persian)
Saeidi, M. Chaharsoughi Amin, H. Moumenihelali, H. Norouzi, A. & Vahedi, M. (2018). Investigating the Role of Micro-Credit Fund on the Economic Empowerment of Rural Women (A Case Study: Chardavol Township, Ilam Province). Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 15(4), 149-175. (In Persian)
Sathiabama, K. (2010). Rural Women Empowerment and Entrepreneurship Development (No. id: 2475).
Sayydeh, T. Eshraghi Samani, R. & Poursaeed, A. (2017). The Role of Occupational Capability in the Self-reliance of Rural Women in Ilam County. Journal of Rural Research, 8(3), 554-571. (In Persian)
Sharma S, Gupta A (2017), The Everyday Lives and Coping Strategies of Women in Delhi; Discerning Roots of Psychological Empowerment-An Ethnographic Study, International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(2), 12-19.
Sharma, P. & Varma, S. K. (2008). Women Empowerment Through Entrepreneurial Activities of Self-Help Groups. Indian Research Journal of extension education, 8(1), 46-51.
Sultana, A. M. (2011). Factors Effect on Women Autonomy and Decision-Making Power Wwithin the Household in Rural Communities. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7(1), 18-22.
Suminah, S. & Anantanyu, S. (2020). Empowering Poor-Households Women on Productive Economy Bbusinesses in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, 7(9), 769-779.
Tarasi, Z., Karimzade, H. & Aghayari, H. M. (2019). Investigating Factors and Stimuli Affecting the Empowerment of Rural Women (Case Study: Zanjan County). Researches in Geographical Sciences. 19 (54), 237-257. (In Persian)
Terry, G. (2009). No Climate Justice Without Gender Justice: An Overview of the Issues. Gender and Development, 17 (1), 5- 18.
Uduji, J. I. Okolo Obasi, E. N. & Asongu, S. A. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Role of Rural Women in Sustainable Agricultural Development in Sub–Saharan Africa: Evidence from the Niger Delta in Nigeria. Sustainable Development, 27(4), 692-703.
Ugbomeh, G. (2001). Empowering Women in Agricultural Education-for Sustainable Rural.
Unanam, H. R. (2020). Impact of Women’s Economic Empowerment in Development: An Evaluation of Development Exchange Centre in Plateau State. International Journal of Gender and Women‟ s Studies, 8(1), 1-16
Vukovic, D. B. Petrovic, M. Maiti, M. & Vujko, A. (2023). Tourism Development, Entrepreneurship and Women's Empowerment–Focus on Serbian Countryside. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(3), 417-437.
World Bank. (2012). World Development Report: Gender Equality and Development.
Yaghoubi Farani A. Jalilian, S. (2015). Economic and Social Effects of Rural Women's Home Jobs in Islamabad-e-Gharb. Space Economics and Rural Development. 4 (12), 93-113. (In Persian)

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 18 خرداد 1405