اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

عوامل پیش‌برنده و بازدارنده توسعه کسب‌وکارهای روستایی کوچک مقیاس خانگی (مورد مطالعه: پرورش کرم ابریشم، شهرستان بجنورد)

نویسندگان
گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
هدف: کسب‌وکارهای کوچک مقیاس خانگی نقش موثری در تنوع‌بخشی فعالیت‌های اقتصادی و کاهش بیکاری دارند. این امر در مناطق روستایی که با محدودیت فرصت‌های شغلی روبرو هستند، اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. در حال حاضر تعدادی از خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان بجنورد بخشی از درآمد خود را از طریق نوغانداری به دست می‌آورند. تعداد نوغانداران در روستاهای مورد بررسی در 10 سال گذشته از 570 نفر به 294 نفر کاهش پیدا کرده است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر به شناسایی عوامل پیش‌برنده و بازدارنده توسعه کسب وکارهای کوچک مقیاس خانگی در زمینه پرورش کرم ابریشم در روستاهای شهرستان بجنورد پرداخته است.

روش پژوهش: گردآوری اطلاعات به روش اسنادی و میدانی با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته انجام شد. حجم نمونه در 9 روستای شهرستان بجنورد که کسب‌وکار نوغانداری در آنها رواج دارد، با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 160 نوغاندار تعیین گردید. در این مطالعه تعداد 43 شاخص ذیل 10 مولفه به عنوان عوامل بازدارنده و تعداد 23 شاخص ذیل 6 مولفه به عنوان عوامل پیش‌برنده توسعه کسب وکار نوغانداری در روستاهای مورد مطالعه، شناسایی و بررسی شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد میانگین عوامل پیش‌برنده با 3/9 و عوامل بازدارنده با 3/87 به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از میانه نظری است. مهمترین عامل پیش‌برنده در کسب‌وکارهای نوغانداری، تسهیل در راه‌اندازی کسب‌وکار پرورش کرم ابریشم با میانگین 4/14 و مهمترین عامل بازدارنده کیفیت پایین تخم نوغانداری با میانگین 4/48 است.

نتیجه‌گیری: کسب‌وکارهای خرد با چالش‌های متعددی روبرو هستند. با این حال، با تمرکز بر تکمیل زنجیره ارزش نوغانداری، حمایت دولتی و شبکه‌سازی، می‌توان شتاب‌دهنده‌هایی برای رشد این کسب‌وکارها ایجاد کرد که منجر به موفقیت بیشتر آن‌ها خواهد شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Factors Promoting and Inhibiting the Development of Rural Small-Scale Home Businesses (Case study: Silkworm rearing in Bojnourd County)

نویسندگان English

Sheida Aliakbari
Maryam Ghasemi
Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

Objective: Small-scale home-based businesses play a significant role in diversifying economic activities and reducing rural unemployment. In Bojnourd County, a portion of rural households generate income through sericulture. However, the number of sericulturists has declined from 570 to 294 over the past decade. This study aims to identify the driving and inhibiting factors influencing the development of sericulture-based microbusinesses in rural areas of Bojnourd.

Methods: A descriptive-analytical, applied-developmental approach was used. Data were collected through documentary research and a researcher-made questionnaire. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample size of 160 sericulturists across 9 villages in Bojnourd was selected. The study assessed 43 indicators under 10 inhibiting components, and 23 indicators under 6 driving components.

Results: The most significant driving factor was "low startup cost" (mean: 4.14), while the main inhibiting factor was "poor-quality silkworm eggs" (mean: 4.48).

Conclusions: Policies such as guaranteed purchase and pricing, alongside distribution of high-quality, locally adapted silkworm eggs by the Agricultural Jihad Organization, could help mitigate the inhibitors and boost driving forces in sericulture.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Bojnourd County
Inhibiting Factors
Driving Factors
Rural Microbusinesses
Sericulture
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Pierce- Lyons, R. (2009). The Home Entrepreneur Systems Model: A Grounded Theory of Home-based Business Needs and Practices. Ph.D. thesis, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
Popescu, A. (2013). The EU Textile and Clothing Trade and Its Impact on Silk Worm Rearing Development. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture & Rural Development, 13(1), 309-316.
Popescu, A., Şerban, V. & Ciocan, H. N. (2024). New Trends in the Global Silk Production in the Period 2011-2022, Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 24 (1), 775-776.
Preuss, L. & Perschke, J. (2010). Slipstreaming the Larger Boats: Social Responsibility in Medium-sized Businesses. Journal of Business Ethics, 92(4), 531-551.
Regulation and Support of Home Businesses. (2010). Work and Society Monthly, (118-119), 20-18. [in Persian]
Rhodes, C. (2017). Business statistics, Briefing paper, Number 06152, https://www.shareradio.co.uk/media/6758/analysis-of-uk-businesses-dec-18-sn06152.
Seydavi, A. & Beigzannia, A. (2004). Sericulture, Background and Current Situation in the World, Sornbolah Monthly, (136, 137). [in Persian]
Seyyed Javadin, S.R., Hassangholi, T. & Mohammadi, H. R. (2010). Diagnosis of the Activities of Small Businesses in Tehran Based on Customer Needs, Labor and Society Journal, (129), 20-35. [in Persian]
Shida Doust, V. (2021). Network Analysis of Sericulture Actors with a Focus on the Development of the Sericulture Industry in Guilan Province, Master's Thesis, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan. [in Persian]
Shokrgozar Ghazimahalleh, A. (2017). The History of the Silk Industry in Iran with a Focus on the Silk Road, Master's Thesis, Kharazmi University, Faculty of Literature and Social Sciences, Tehran. [in Persian]
Shukia, R. (2012), Economics of Sericulture-a Study the District of Udaipur in Rajasthan, India, Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 37(1), 49-54.
Silk and Sustainable Silk. (2024). Accessed on: https://www.commonobjective.co/article/silk-andsustainable-silk. (in Persian).
Sourti, R., Beigzannia, A., Movajpour, M., Khirkhah, Y., Biabani, M. R., Moraat, E. & Faryour, B. (2017). Sericulture Guide, Agricultural Education Publishing, First Edition, Tehran. [in Persian]
Tesfa A., Ejigu K., Yetayew A. & Assefa H. 2014. Assessment of Value Chain of Sericulture Products in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Natural Resources, 1(2), 61-69.
The Unemployment Rate of the Population Aged 15 and Above Decreased. (2024). https://www.mehrnews.com/news/6114765 [in Persian]
UN Development Program, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Sustainable Development (2022). sustainable development goals 2030, https://sdgs.un.org/goals
Upadhyay, A. P. & Barman, U. (2013). Identification of Problems and Formulation of Extension Strategies for Upliftment of Women Agripreneurship in Sericulture: An Exploratory Study in Garo hills of Meghalaya. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research, 2(6), 369-373.
Vliamos, S. J. & Tzeremes, N. G. (2012). Factors Influencing Entrepreneurial Process and Firm Start-ups: Evidence from Central Greece. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 3(3), 250-264.
Yaghoubi Farani, A., Vahdat Moaddab, H., & Latifi, S. (2014). Identifying Inhibitions of Rural Women’s Trend to Home Businesses (Case Study: Sardrod district, Razan County). Woman in Development & Politics, 11(4), 559-574. [in Persian]

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 18 خرداد 1405