اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

تغییرات نهادی در جغرافیای اقتصادی

نویسنده
دانشگاه خوارزمی
چکیده
هدف: هدف مطالعه حاضر، پاسخ به این پرسش بوده که بازیگران چگونه می‌توانند نهادی را تغییر دهند که عقلانیت و اقدام آن بازیگران مقید به همان نهادی است که در پی تغییر آنند.

روش پژوهش: در این مقاله در جستجوی تغییرات نهادی در جغرافیای اقتصادی، با استفاده از کلمات کلیدی سیستم نهادی، عمل انسانی، تعییرات نهادی، ماندگاری نهادی و کنکاش در منابع دانشگاهی داخلی و خارجی، مقالات و کتاب‌های مرتبط با موضوع جمع‌آوری و مطالب مرتبط فیش‌برداری شد. آنگاه، اطلاعات جمع‌آوری شده در راستای هدف تحقیق، به روش "مرور روایتی" تجزیه و تحلیل و نتیجه‌گیری شده است.

یافته‌ها: عمل اقتصادی ویژگی اتمی ندارد بلکه رابطه‌ای است. اولویت‌های فردی، هنجارها، ارزش‌ها، روحیات، سلیقه‌ها، سبک‌ها، نیازها و اهداف از آنجا پدیدار می‌شود و از طریق تعامل اجتماعی و تعامل اقتصادی با یکدیگر ترکیب می‌شوند. بازیگران اقتصادی، انسان‌های ایزوله‌ای نیستند که نسخه رفتاری اتمی را اجرا می‌کنند، بلکه بازیگران اقتصادی در یک محیط اجتماعی جای دارند که معانی را از طریق تعامل مکرر شکل می‌دهند. چنین مفهومی از عمل رابطه‌ای دارای سه پیامد است:

الف، متنی بودن، که به عمل واقع شده و عمل بازتاب‌پذیر و عمل تحول‌گرا مرتبط است؛

ب، وابسته به مسیر، که امری نهادینه‌سازی و نقش آفرینی است؛ و

ج، مشروط بودن، که باسرنوشت، نکات تاریخی انعطاف‌ها و عمل هدفمند به سوی تغییرات نهادی همراه است.

نتیجه‌گیری: تناقض بین قید شکل‌گیری و عقلانیت کنش بازیگران از نهادها، و تغییرات نهادی توسط بازیگران، می‌تواند از طریق عمل اجتماعی که به طور اساسی از نظر ماهیت واکنشی و متنی است، حل شود. کنش اجتماعی به عنوان اجرای نسخه‌های نهادی قابل درک نیست، بلکه به صورت تعامل بازتاب پذیر، در زمینه‌های مکانی-زمانی خاص آشکار می‌شود. هنگامی که بازیگران منافع خاص و مزایای فردی را با نهادهای بالقوه جدید مرتبط ببینند، در حمایت از توسعه و پذیرش آنها اقدام می‌کنند
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Institutional changes in Economic geography

نویسنده English

Hassan Afrakhteh
Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Objective: Objective: The purpose of this study is to answer the question of how people can change an institution whose rationality and actions are bound to the same institution.

Methods: In this review article, using the keywords, institutional system, human action, institutional changes, innovation, knowledge creation, institutional environment, institutional changes, institutional hysteresis and searching in domestic and foreign academic sources, articles and books related to the subject were collected and studied. Then, the collected data has been analyzed and concluded in the "narrative review" method, in line with the purpose of the research.

Results: Economic action is not atomistic but relational. Individual preferences, norms, values, ethics, tastes, styles, needs, and objectives emerge from and are co-constituted through the social embedding of economic interaction. Economic actors are not isolated beings who carry out atomistic behavioral scripts; rather, they are embedded in a social environment that constitutes meaning through repeated interaction. Such a concept of relational action has three implications:

(a) Conceptuality, related to situated practice and reflexive, transformative action,

(b) Path dependence, which is a matter of institutionalization and imprinting, and

(c) Contingency, associated with serendipity, historical points of inflection, and purposive action toward institutional change.

Conclusions: The conflict between the formation clause and the rationality of the actions of actors from institutions, and institutional changes by actors, can be through Social action, which is fundamentally reactive and contextual in nature, should be resolved. Social action cannot be understood as the implementation of institutional prescriptions

, but is revealed as reflective interaction in specific spatial-temporal contexts. When actors see specific interests and individual benefits associated with potential new institutions, they act to support their development and adoption.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Institutional System
Human Action
institutional changes
Institutional hysteresis
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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 18 خرداد 1405